1. Ketjenlube esters for Automotive and Industrial Lubricants
2. Ketjenlube polymer esters
3. Ketjenlube polymer esters in Two-Stroke Engine Oils
4. Ketjenlube polymer esters in Four-Stroke Engine Oils
5. Cleaner engines
6. Ketjenlube polymer esters in Gear Oils
7. Ketjenlube polymer esters in Metal Working Fluids
8. Soluble oils (Emulsions)
9. Synthetic concentrates
1. Ketjenlube esters for Automotive and Industrial Lubricants
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2. Ketjenlube polymer esters
General Information
Ketjenlube Polymer Esters are unique, patented specialty components used in the formulation of synthetic and
semi-synthetic high performance lubricants and industrial fluids. They reduce wear much more effiviently
than other conventional synthetic base fluids. This feature has made Ketjenlube Polymer Esters an important
tool in the lubricating oil area during the last twenty years.
CHEMISTRY
Ketjenlube Polymer Esters are copolymers of -olefins and dicarboxylic acids which are esterified with various
kinds of alcohols.The product viscosities range from 5 mm2/s up to 700 mm2/s. As the average molecular weights
(Mw) do not exceed 7,000 Dalton, even the higest viscous Ketjenlube Polymer Esters are completely shear
stable.
Ketjenlube Polymer Ester Structure (idealized)
PROPERTIES:
Outstanding inherent lubricity
Ketjenlube Polymer Esters exhibit the highest load
carrying capacity compared to most other lube oil
base fluids available in the market.
Powerful synergy with AW/EP-additives
This makes it possible to replace e.g. chloroparaffins
in metal working fluids by a combination of Ketjenlube
Polymer Esters and sulfur/phosphorus additives
without losing EP-performance.
Superior hydrolytic stability
months in aqueous emulsions at pH 9 and are one of
the most hydrolytically stable esters available for
metal working fluids (soluble oils).
Clean burning, clean evaporation
Ketjenlube Polymer Esters burn or evaporate at high
temperatures without giving rise to smoke or hazardous
fumes. This allows the formulation of lowsmoke
two-stroke engine oils or industrial oils for
high temperature applications.
3. KETJENLUBE POLYMER ESTERS in Two-Stroke Engine Oils
The high inherent lubricity together with their clean burning make the Ketjenlube
Polymer Esters an ideal base fluid for two-stroke motor bike engine oils. In table 3
the ISO-L-EGD results of four different formulation examples (semi-synthetic,
synthetic, high solvent oils) containing Ketjenlube Polymer Esters as ester component
are summarized.
Two-stroke Engine Oils with Conventional Esters
Cost efficient synthetic engine oils can be formulated using Ketjenlube 09 which
is a dimerate ester of known and proven performance.
Biodegradable Two-stroke Engine Oils
For the formulation of biodegradable two-stroke engine oils the use of Ketjenlube 10
or Ketjenlube 16 is recommended.
4. KETJENLUBE POLYMER ESTERS in Four-Stroke Engine Oils
WEAR REDUCING EFFECT
Ketjenlube Polymer Esters are used commercially both in Diesel and gasoline engine oils, mainly as a means of
wear protection. This wear reduction is a function of
the inherently high affinity of Ketjenlube Polymer Esters to metal surfaces, allowing strong oil films at high
temperatures whilst permitting the start of a cold engine without excessive wear.
the strong synergy of Ketjenlube Polymer Esters with zinc-dithiophosphates (ZDDP), allowing the formulation
of low ZDDP oils without losing anti-wear performance.
To achieve an optimum wear reducing effect, Ketjenlube Polymer Ester treat rates of 6% to 12% are recommended.
Comparative Sequence IVA engine test results of semi-synthetic 10W-40 engine oils
with and without Ketjenlube 115
5. CLEANER ENGINES
Due to their double-comb like structure Ketjenlube Polymer Esters exhibit an inherent dispersancy power
which can act synergistically with engine oil dispersants.This effect results in cleaner engines and lower piston
deposits as demonstrated in engine tests like the OM 602 A and other endurance tests.
VW Cam & Tappet test results of a low SAPS oil
(500 ppm phosphorus) with
and without Ketjenlube 135
6. KETJENLUBE POLYMER ESTERS in Gear Oils
The two high viscous Ketjenlube Polymer Esters Ketjenlube 2300 and Ketjenlube
2700 are tailormade for applications in gear oils and are cost effective alternatives
to higher viscosity polyalphaolefins. Besides their superior load carrying
capacity they exhibit:
Excellent thermo-oxidative and hydrolytic stability
Shear stability
Compatibility with non polar base stocks and polar additives
Excellent viscosity characteristics at low temperatures
7. KETJENLUBE POLYMER ESTERS in Metal Working Fluids
Ketjenlube Polymer Esters are used commercially in a wide range of metal working applications at treat levels of 5% to 25% depending on the application
in neat oils
in emulsion systems (concentrates)
for metal cutting operations (e.g. broaching, tapping, milling)
for metal forming operations (e.g. rolling, drawing, stamping)
The performance of Ketjenlube Polymer Ester containing fluids is further increased when combined with antiwear/EP agents, so enabling high performance formulations to be made which are entirely chloroparaffin-free.
8. SOLUBLE OILS (EMULSIONS)
All Ketjenlube Polymer Esters can be emulsified using state-of-the-art emulsifiers, enabling high performance soluble oils to be formulated. Various guideline formulations for different applications are available on request.
9. SYNTHETIC CONCENTRATES
With Ketjenlube Polymer Esters it is also possible to formulate aqueous solutions,
using Ketjenlube 445 or Ketjenlube 522.
Ketjenlube 445 is not truly watersoluble,but is easily emulsifiable due to its ethoxylated side chains which give the product an HLB-value of 11.5. Ketjenlube 445
improves the surface finish in metal processing, for example in aluminium or
copper metal working. The effect on the tool wear of the addition of 0.5% Ketjenlube
445 to an aqueous cutting formulation is shown in the subsequent graphs:
Performance of an aqueous cutting formulation with and without 0.5%
Ketjenlube 445 in face turning and grooving of aluminium alloy (AlMgSi 1).
In addition to ethoxylated side chains Ketjenlube 522 contains free acid groups which can react with amines. Aqueous solutions of Ketjenlube 522 show an outstanding
lubricity which still is unsurpassed in the area of synthetic aqueous
solutions, however, without careful formulation Ketjenlube 522 can exhibit a
foaming tendency in line with its degree of ethoxylation, which may restrict its
application to low agitation operations.
For more detailed information about the use of Ketjenlube 445 and Ketjenlube
522 please refer to the corresponding data leaflets.
NEAT OILS
The performance improvement of neat oils with Ketjenlube Polymer Esters for
instance is demonstrated in the Falex Pin & Vee test according to ASTM D-2670.
A chloroparaffin based neat oil (24% chlorine) was compared with the same oil
where the chlorine component has been replaced by a combination of Ketjenlube
Polymer Esters and sulfur-phosphorus based EP-additives.
HOT DRAWING OILS
Ketjenlube 6300 has been specially developed to lubricate hardened-steel forming
dies in the drawing of non-ferrous tubes. The use of Ketjenlube 6300 results
in longer tool life and high surface finish with a concomitant low fume emission.
KETJENLUBE POLYMER ESTERS in Greases
GREASES
Ketjenlube Polymer Esters are used commercially in semi-synthetic and synthetic greases.They do significantly improve the AW/EP-properties without disturbing the grease texture. Greases with Ketjenlube Polymer Esters also show significantly increased ageing resistance in the presence of iron.
For more detailed information and test results about the use of Ketjenlube Polymer Esters please refer to the data-leaflet Ketjenlube Polymer Esters in Greases.
